Learning Skills
How Do I Think Critically?
Printer friendly version This pdf document is curently being revised :-)
- What is critical thinking?
- Characteristics of a critical thinker
- Critical thinking at university
- References
- Useful Critical Thinking Weblinks
We live in an information-rich world. This information is accessible from many and varied sources: from mass media to casual conversation; from the web to the local library; in databases, in books and newsprint. Information is produced in a variety of text types, such as: Government white papers, letters, cartoons, video-tape, reports, argumentative and explanatory essays, etc. The ability to focus critical thought on different arguments from different sources and to apply different credibility ratings to them is an essential skill you will need to develop during your university studies.
What critical thinking is
The purpose of critical thinking, according to Maiorana (1992) is 'to achieve understanding, evaluate view points, and solve problems.' Therefore, since 'all three areas involve the asking of questions, we can say that critical thinking is the questioning or inquiry we engage in when we seek to understand, evaluate, or resolve.'
Facione (1990) describes the ideal critical thinker as one who is:
...habitually inquisitive, well-informed, trustful of reason, open-minded, flexible, fair-minded in evaluation, honest in facing personal biases, prudent in making judgments, willing to reconsider, clear about issues, orderly in complex matters, diligent in seeking relevant information, reasonable in the selection of criteria, focused in inquiry, and persistent in seeking results which are as precise as the subject and the circumstances of inquiry permit.
Characteristics of a critical thinker
In becoming a critical thinker, you need to be able to progressively recognise in yourself many of the following characteristics (Ferrett 1996):
- asks pertinent questions
- assesses statements and arguments
- is able to admit a lack of understanding or information
- has a sense of curiosity
- is interested in finding new solutions
- is able to clearly define a set of criteria for analysing ideas
- is willing to examine beliefs, assumptions, and opinions and weigh them against facts
- listens carefully to others and is able to give feedback
- sees that critical thinking is a lifelong process of self-assessment
- suspends judgment until all facts have been gathered and considered
- looks for evidence to support assumption and beliefs
- is able to adjust opinions when new facts are found
- looks for proof
- examines problems closely
- is able to reject information that is incorrect or irrelevant.