Learning Skills
Essay Writing
The essay writing process
Step 2: Research
After you have analysed and understood the assignment question you might be able to formulate an initial plan by brainstorming, that is, jotting down your ideas so far. Concept mapping works well when brainstorming. An initial plan will help guide your reading and note-taking. However, it is more likely that you will need to research the question in more detail before you can go much further.
You will be required to read widely. Some subject outlines will advise you on how much and what to read. Reading requirements will also vary between subjects and topics. Some topics may require a detailed analysis of a small number of texts; yet it is rarely sufficient to read only one or two books on a particular topic. A rule of thumb for first year, first semester subjects is to include at least five sources. Another rule of thumb is to choose sources published within the past 5-10 years. Some assignments call for a mix of sources, such as books, journals, newspapers, and/or websites. Journals provide more recent information but it is often specific information. Another rule of thumb for first year students is to start with the textbook to gain an overview of the topic, then move to specifics.
New students might find researching using a large library and databases a little daunting. The CSU Llibrary has provided a series of online tutorials called InfoSkill@CSU to help you. Otherwise, contact a librarian and seek help. Do not spend hours agonising and getting nowhere.
After having found the information you are looking for, your task is to take effective notes. Do not rewrite the text, but try to make notes in your own words and always remember to take the full reference including any page numbers. You will need this information if you decide to use this research in your essay.
Some students seem to get caught on this step, research. They gather more and more research and ultimately find themselves with too many notes, confused and discouraged. If this is you, start your plan, then move to the next step. Once you get something onto paper you are likely to feel you are back in control, can see some progress for your efforts and any further research is likely to be more focused and hence productive.
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