Multilingual Children's Speech
| Language (Dialect) | Reference | No. of participants | Acquisition data | Access information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Norwegian | Alme, C. (2018). Phonological development in Norwegian-speaking children aged 2;6–2;11. [Master’s thesis]. Norwegian University of Science and Technology. | 14 | C, CC, V, T | |
Norwegian | Bjønnes, S. L. & Tørvolt, K. (2021). Fonologiske prosesser hos et utvalg norske tre- og fireåringer [Master’s thesis]. University of Oslo. | 14 | C, CC | |
Norwegian | Fintoft et al. (1983). 4 år. En undersøkelse av normalspråket hos norske 4-åringer. Unpublished. Trondheim. | 73 | C, CC | - |
Norwegian | Frank, A. M. (2009). Strukturelle og temporale trekk i norske spedbarns lydutvikling. [PhD dissertation]. Norwegian University of Science and Technology. | 8 | C, V | |
Norwegian | Frank, A. M., & Bjerkan, K. M. (2019). Kartleggingsverktøyet DIFFKAS og de første normdataene for norske barns fonologiske utvikling. Norsk tidsskrift for logopedi, 65(1), 6–13. | 48 | C, CC, V | |
Norwegian | Garmann, N. G., Hansen, P., Simonsen, H. G., & Kristoffersen, K. E. (2019). The phonology of children’s early words: Trends, individual variation, and parents’ accommodation in child-directed speech. Frontiers in Communication, 4, 10. | 2056 + 4 | C | |
Norwegian | Kristoffersen, K. E., & Simonsen, H. G. (2006). The acquisition of # sC clusters in Norwegian. Journal of Multilingual Communication Disorders, 4(3), 231–241. | 27 | CC | |
Norwegian | Lindsjørn, L. J., & Vethe, S. (2013). 4-åringers tale. Normering av SVANTE-N. [Master’s thesis]. University of Oslo. | 52 | C | |
Norwegian | Payne, E., Post, B., Garmann, N. G., & Simonsen, H. G. (2017). The acquisition of long consonants in Norwegian. In H. Kubozono (Ed.), The Phonetics and Phonology of Geminate Consonants, 2, 130–162. Oxford University Press. | 9 | C, V | |
Norwegian | Simonsen, H. G. (1999). Phonological fillers: Data from Norwegian. Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the International Association for the Study of Child Language, San Sebastian. | 2 | C, V, T | |
Norwegian | Vanvik (1971). The phonetic-phonemic development of a Norwegian child. Norsk tidsskrift for sprogvidenskap, 24, 269–325. | 1 | C, CC, V, T | |
Norwegian | Yavaş, M., Ben‐David, A., Gerrits, E., Kristoffersen, K. E., & Simonsen, H. G. (2008). Sonority and cross-linguistic acquisition of initial s-clusters. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 22(6), 421–441. | 27 | CC | |
Norwegian | Garmann, N. G., Simonsen, H. G., Hansen, P., Elisabeth, H. O. L. M., Brechtje, P. O. S. T., & Payne, E. (2021). Cross-linguistic variation in word-initial cluster production in adult and child language: evidence from English and Norwegian. Journal of Child Language, 48(1), 1–30. | 9 (and 9) | CC | |
Norwegian | Simonsen, H. G. (1990). Barns fonologi: System og variasjon hos tre norske og et samoisk barn. [PhD thesis]. University of Oslo. | 3 (and 1) | C, CC | - |
| Persian/Farsi | Anzalichi, F. (1980). Zabanamuzi be kudak: Peydayeshe Avaha dar kudakan ta 18 mahegi. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Tehran | 7 | C, V | Unpublished master's thesis |
| Persian/Farsi | Aghaz, A., Kazemi, Y., Hemmati, E., & Zarifian, T. (2022). Psychometric properties of Persian version of Intelligibility Context Scale in 4-6-year-old Persian-speaking children. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 10(6). | 118 | Intell | Journal article |
| Persian/Farsi | Damerchi, Z., Jalilevand, N., Mahmoudi Bakhtiari, B., & Keyhani, M. R. S. (2008). Development of phonetic inventory in 2-to-6 year-old Farsi speaking children. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Science, 5(1). | 96 | C, V, phonological processes | Journal article |
| Persian/Farsi | Derakhshandeh, F. (1997). The sound system in Persian speaking children. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Iran University of Medical Sciences. | 56 | C, V, phonological processes | Unpublished master's thesis |
| Persian/Farsi | Fahim, M. (1996). Marahele Roshd-e Zaban-e Farsi ya “Ektesab-e Zaban-e Madari”. In Modarresi & Dabir-Moghaddam (Eds.), Proceedings of The Third Linguistic Conference in Iran, 83(0), (pp. 235–259). Allameh Tabataba'i University Press. | 1 | C, V | Conference proceeding |
| Persian/Farsi | Gerami Nezhad, F. (1984). A study on pivotal structure in language acquisition procedure. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Tehran. | 2 | C, V | Unpublished master’s thesis |
| Persian/Farsi | Ghasisin, L. (2006). Study of phonological processes in 2–4-year-old Isfahani-speaking children. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Iran University of Medical Sciences. | 60 | phonological processes | Unpublished master’s thesis |
| Persian/Farsi | Ghasisin, L., Ghasemi, A., Moobed, F., & Hassanzade, A. (2010). Speech intelligibility in 4-5-year-old children, Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 5(1), 19–23. | 70 | Intell | Journal article |
| Persian/Farsi | Ghasisin, L., Ghayoumi, Z., & Bakhtiari, B. M. (2012). Study of developmental consonant cluster in 2-4-year-old Farsi speaking children. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 7(3), 391–398. | 120 | CC | Journal article |
| Persian/Farsi | Jalilevand, N., Kamali, M., Tavakoli, M., Mahmudi, Z., Amiri, M., Hadavi, S., & Javanbaxt, M. (2017). The ability of 3 to 6 year old Persian-speaking children in production of consonant clusters in monosyllable CVCC words. Auditory and Vestibular Research, 23(3), 22–29. | 200 | CC | Journal article |
| Persian/Farsi | Karimian, F., Mohammadi, R., Bemani, Z., Kianfar, F., & Kazemi, Y. (2022). Phonological mean length of utterance in 48-60-month-old Persian-speaking children with Isfahani accent: Comparison of story generation and conversation samples. Archives of Rehabilitation, 22(4). | 100 | PMLU, PWP | Journal article |
| Persian/Farsi | Meshkatoddini, M. (1988). Development of speech sound system in a child’s speech. Journal of the Faculty of Literature and Humanity Sciences, 5(2), 29–49. | 1 | C, V | - |
| Persian/Farsi | Nourbakhsh, M. (2001). First language acquisition (Persian child) from 36 to 50 months of age syntactic and morphological study. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Islamic Azad University. | 1 | C, V, phonological processes | Unpublished master’s thesis |
| Persian/Farsi | Rezapour M., Mehri, A., & Tahbaz, S. (1999). Phonological processing in children with 24-42 months in Tehran. [Unpublished undergraduate thesis]. University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. | 100 | phonological processes | Unpublished master’s thesis |
| Persian/Farsi | Shirazi, S., Mehri, A., Mehdipour-Shahrivar, N., & Rahgozar, M. (2009). The study of phonological processes for 2–4 year–old Farsi–speaking children. Archives of Rehabilitation, 10(1), 17–23. | 128 | phonological processes | Journal article |
| Persian/Farsi | Shooshtarizadeh, F. (2019). Voicing and devoicing processes in Farsi-speaking children with typical and protracted phonological development. Journal of Teaching Persian to Speakers of Other Languages, 8(TOME 18), 165–194. | 10 | C | Journal article |
| Persian/Farsi | Shushtaryzadeh, F. (2020). Manner harmony in Farsi-speaking children with typical and protracted phonological development. Journal of Research in Linguistics, 12(1), 131–152. | 10 | C | Journal article |
| Persian/Farsi | Valizadeh, A., Ghorbani, A., Torabinejad, F., & Haghani, H. (2013). The speech intelligibility of normal Persian-speaking children and its changes during the age of 36 to 60 months. Audiology, 22(4), 51–58. | 360 | Intell | Journal article |
| Persian/Farsi | Vaziri, S., Ghorbani, A., Torabinejad, F., Kamali, M., & Jamshidi, F. (2018). Comparison of speech intelligibility in the expression of words and sentences in Persian-speaking children in Ghaemshahr city. Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 6(4), 91–98. | 120 | Intell | Journal article |
| Persian/Farsi | Zarifian, T., & Fotuhi, M. (2020). Phonological development in Persian-speaking children: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 22(6), 614–625. | 387 | C, V, PCC, PVC, PPC, phonological processes | Journal article |
Polish | Bartkowska, T. (1968). Rozwój wymowy dziecka przedszkolnego jako wynik oddziaływań wychowawczych rodziny i przedszkola [Phonological development of preschoolers as the outcome of family and kindergarten education]. PZWS. | 1090 | C | - |
Polish | Bryndal, M. (2015). Fonologiczna interpretacja procesów doskonalenia mowy na tle współczesnych teorrii fonologicznych [Phonological interpretation of speech development against contemporary phonological theories]. Komlogo. | 200 | C | - |
Polish | Czaplewska, E. (2009). Rozpoznawanie niewerbalnych komunikatów wyrażających emocje przez dzieci od 4 do 7 lat [The recognition of non-verbal messages expressing emotions by children aged 4 -7]. Psychologia Rozwojowa, 14(2), 73–82. | 113 | speech perception | |
Polish | Jarosz, G. (2010). Implicational markedness and frequency in constraint-based computational models of phonological learning. Journal of Child Language, 37(3), 565–606. | 4 | CC | |
Polish | Jarosz, G., Calamaro, S. & Zentz, J. (2017). Input frequency and the acquisition of syllable structure in Polish. Language Acquisition 24(4), 361–399. | 4 | C, CC | |
Polish | Kaczmarek, L. (1988). Nasze dziecko uczy się mowy [Our child learns to speak]. Wydawnictwo Lubelskie. | 4 | - | |
Polish | Łobacz, P. (1996). Polska fonologia dziecięca [Polish child phonology]. Energeia. | 25 | C, V, acoustics | - |
Polish | Łukaszewicz, B. (2007). Reduction in syllable onsets in the acquisition of Polish: Deletion, coalescence, metathesis and gemination, Journal of Child Language 34(1), 53–82. | 1 | CC | |
Polish | Majewska-Tworek, A. (2001). Rozwój sprawności artykulacyjnej dziecka w wieku przedszkolnym [Articulatory development in preschoolers]. Fundacja Orator. | 160 | C | - |
Polish | Marecka, M. & Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, K. (2014). Evaluating models of phonotactic constraints on the basis of sC cluster acquisition data. Language Sciences 46, 37–47. | 25 | CC | |
Polish | Milewski, S. (2005). Grupy spółgłoskowe w języku mówionym dzieci przedszkolnych [Consonant clusters in the speech of preschoolers]. Logopeda 1(1), 5–32. | 652 | CC | |
Polish | Zydorowicz, P. (2010). Consonant clusters across morpheme boundaries: Polish morphonotactic inventory and its acquisition, Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 46(4), 565–588. | 1 | CC | |
Polish | Zydorowicz, P. (2019). Polish (mor)phonotactics in first language acquisition, connected speech and cluster processing. Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM. | 4 | CC | |
Polish | Żygis, M., Jaskula, M., & Koenig, L. (2018). Do children understand better adults or themselves? A perceptual study of Polish /s, ʂ, ɕ/. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, 1963. | 32 | Perception | |
Polish | Żygis, M., Jaskula, M., Pape, D. & Koenig, L. (2019). Production of Polish sibilants in the process of language acquisition. Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, (pp. 1510–1514). Australasian Speech Science and Technology Association. | 81 | C | |
Polish | Marecka, M., Wrembel, M., Zembrzuski, D. & Otwinowska-Kasztelanic, A. (2015). Do early bilinguals speak differently than their monolingual peers? Predictors of phonological performance of Polish-English bilingual children. In E. Babatsouli & D. Ingram (Eds.), Proceedings of the international symposium on monolingual and bilingual speech 2015. (207–213). Institute of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech. | 59 24 | C, CC, V | |
Portuguese – Brazilian (Português) | Ceron, M. I., Gubiani, M. B. Oliveira, C. R. & Keske-Soares, M. (2020a). Normative features of phoneme acquisition in Brazilian Portuguese. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 11, 1–14.https://doi.org/10.1159/000499690 | 733 | C, CC | |
Portuguese – Brazilian (Português) | Ceron, M. I., Simoni, S. N., Urrutia, G. A. U., & Keske-Soares, M. (2022). Segmental acquisition of Brazilian Portuguese: Onset simple, complex and coda. CoDAS, 34(3), e20200439 | 857 | C, CC | |
Portuguese – Brazilian (Português) | Silva, M. K., Ferrante, C., Borsel, J. V. & Pereira, M. M. B. (2012). Phonological acquisition of Brazilian Portuguese in children from Rio de Janeiro. Jornal da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia, 24(3), 248–254. | 480 | C, CC | |
Portuguese – Brazilian (Português) | Wertzner, H. F. (1994) Aquisição da articulação: Um estudo em crianças de três a sete anos. Estudos em Psicologia, 11, 11–21. | 64 | C, CC | |
Portuguese – Brazilian (Português) | Wiethan, F. M. (2015). Aquisição do vocabulário e da fonologia do Português Brasileiro Tese (Doutorado em Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana). Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. | 186 | C, CC | |
Portuguese – European (Português) | Amorim, C. (2014). Padrão de aquisição de contrastes do PE: A interação entre traços, segmentos e sílabas [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Universidade do Porto. | 80 | C, CC | |
Portuguese – European (Português) | Costa, T. (2010). The acquisition of the consonantal system in European Portuguese: Focus on place and manner features [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Universidade de Lisboa. | 5 | C | |
Portuguese – European (Português) | Figueiredo, A., Lousada, M., Lages, A., & Soares, A. P. (2021). Automatic phonological analysis of the linguistic productions of Portuguese children with and without language impairment. 16th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI) (pp. 1–7). IEEE. | 43 | PCC, PVC | |
Portuguese – European (Português) | Freitas, M. J., & Afonso, C. (2017). Os caracoles são azules? Dados espontâneos e experimentais sobre a aquisição dos plurais das palavras com lateral final. Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto, 12, 73–97. | 7 | C, CC, V | |
Portuguese – European (Português) | Guerreiro, H., & Frota, S. (2010). Phonological processes at five-years old: Type and frequency. Cadernos de Saúde, 3(1), 57–72. | 43 | C, CC | |
Portuguese – European (Português) | Guimarães, G., Birrento, C., Figueiredo, C., & Flores, C. (2014). Teste de Articulação Verbal - TAV. Oficina Didáctica. | 1037 | C, CC | |
Portuguese – European (Português) | Jesus, L. M. T., Lousada, M., Domingues, D., Hall, A., & Tomé, D. (2015). Phonological processes in Portuguese children with speech sound disorders. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 51(1), 75–88. | 232 | PCC | |
Portuguese – European (Português) | Lousada, M., Mendes, A. P., Valente, A. R., & Hall, A. (2012). Standardization of a phonetic-phonological test for European Portuguese children. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 64(3), 151–156. | 768 | C, CC | |
Portuguese – European (Português) | Lousada, M., Sa-Couto, P., Sutre, D., Figueiredo, C., Fazenda, M., Lousada, M. J., & Valente, A. R. (2019). Validity and reliability of the Intelligibility in Context Scale: European Portuguese version. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 33(12), 1125–1138. | 76 | Intell, PCC, PVC, PPC | |
Portuguese – European (Português) | Ramalho, A. M. (2017). Aquisição fonológica na criança: Tradução e adaptação de um instrumento de avaliação interlinguístico para o português europeu. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Universidade de Évora. | 90 | C, CC, V PCC, WWM |